This is a first version. Every number here comes from the Premier League match feeds for the 2025 and 2026 seasons: a pose-tracking feed of every player's skeleton at 25 frames a second, the same feed's ball and player positions, and the league's own event data (shots, saves, goals). The video clips come from the league's tactical camera, cut on demand. Where a match has no video, its numbers are still counted but its shots have no clip.
What is counted
Every shot on target that reached a keeper (a goal, or a save recorded by the league) in the matches we hold the pose feed for. Shots that were blocked before the keeper, and shots the feed cannot place (no clean strike frame, or an unclear goal), are left out. Penalties are included for now and will be separated.
Reaction time: the onset
Onset is the time from the strike (the frame the ball leaves the shooter's foot) to the first moment any of his four limbs (left or right wrist, left or right ankle), measured against his own body, moves faster than that keeper's own cutoff for that limb for two frames in a row, in any direction. A keeper's cutoff for a limb is 1.25 times the speed the limb stays under 95% of the time while he waits (the 2.0 to 0.3 seconds before the strike, across all his shots), blended with the league's figure when he has few shots and never below 0.6 m/s, so the pose feed's own jitter is not read as a reaction and no single speed is imposed on every keeper. A keeper whose limb is already above its cutoff in the 0.2 seconds before the strike is already moving: he is counted as a group of his own and is never averaged into the times. A keeper none of whose limbs crosses within 1.5 seconds has no movement. Where he commits to going (the commitment) is a separate measure of direction.
The reaction card under each clip uses this onset. The first onset (his body centre at 2 m/s or more) and the first response (moving towards the ball's line at 1.5 m/s or more) are no longer used; the reaction definitions page shows them next to the new onset for comparison. The 1.25 and the 2.0 to 0.3 second window are judgement calls, not results: at 1.0 times 646 shots are timed with a typical 0.40 s, at 1.25 times 633 with 0.44 s, at 1.5 times 550 with 0.44 s.
Positioning, coverage and save chances
Positioning is where the keeper stood at the strike, how high the ball was against his own body, and how far he had to go to meet it. Coverage treats every 20 cm square of the goal mouth as a possible shot from the same spot at the same speed and asks whether he could have reached it in the time the ball took, with his own arm length and a reaction time taken from the data. The save chance puts the reach margin, the time the ball takes to reach the line, the league's post-shot expected goals (where the shot went and how hard it was hit), the shot's chance before it was struck, its distance, how far he stood off his line and which way he faced into one number between 0 and 1. Each chance is worked out from the other matches, never the shot's own, and chances and outcomes agree to within about two points. It ranks saves above goals about 87% of the time. Most of that comes from the post-shot expected goals (about 84% on their own; 85% with the reach and time added), and the reach and time alone give about 77%, so how much of the goal he covers adds only a little to what the shot already tells us. How much of the goal angle he blocked was tested and added nothing once the reach margin was in. It is a guide to what the shot allowed, not a verdict on the keeper: a keeper with few shots can swing by a few saves either way.
Before the shot: when he is set
For the 2 and 4 seconds before the strike: how far he moved, how long he stood still, how many adjustments he made, and when he arrived at his spot. On the line from is how many seconds before the strike he got within half a metre of the straight line between the ball and the middle of the goal and stayed there; settled from is how many seconds before the strike he stopped moving more than 30 cm from where he stands at the strike. Shots where he was not on the line at the strike have no "on the line from" time. The line is taken from where the ball is struck, so it is a look back at what the right place turned out to be, not what he could know in advance. Keepers who are already moving at the strike are a group of their own in the reaction numbers and are not given a response time.
Limb speed
For each shot, the fastest movement of each hand and foot between the strike and the ball reaching the goal line, smoothed over three frames. It is shown two ways: against the keeper's own body (the limb's own action) and over the pitch (what the limb actually did, a dive included).
What these numbers cannot say yet
- The pose feed has centimetre-scale noise and 25 frames a second, so movement under about a tenth of a second cannot be separated from jitter.
- The numbers are for matches in the 2025 and 2026 seasons we hold; a keeper's list grows as more matches are added, and keepers with few shots swing a lot.
- Time to react is measured from the strike frame; a deflection or an unclear strike moves it, and shots without a clean strike are dropped, not guessed.
- Nothing here separates a keeper's own skill from the quality of the shot, the defence in front of him, or luck; the save chance only accounts for the reach and the time.
- Penalties have their own page (which way he went, whether it was the side the ball went, when he committed); only a couple of dozen are in the data, so it is a shot-by-shot look, not a ranking. Set pieces and open play are shown apart on the Before the Shot page.